{"id":426,"date":"2017-05-23T10:39:01","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T07:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/?p=426"},"modified":"2021-11-28T13:31:12","modified_gmt":"2021-11-28T10:31:12","slug":"sunger-ve-sungercilik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/sunger-ve-sungercilik\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcnger ve S\u00fcngercilik"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"426\" class=\"elementor elementor-426\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-127d24d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"127d24d2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35a8943c\" data-id=\"35a8943c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c1b2fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c1b2fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><em><span lang=\"tr-TR\">&#8230; <\/span><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Ali\u015f\u2019i denize inen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iskelenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, g\u00fcvertenin \u00fczerindeki bir iskemleye oturttular. <strong>Skafandar<\/strong> giysisini bacaklar\u0131na ve kollar\u0131na ge\u00e7irdiler. Dalg\u0131\u00e7 giysisi bileklerini s\u0131k\u0131yordu, elleri a\u00e7\u0131ktayd\u0131. Maden g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de omuzlar\u0131na takt\u0131lar. Denizciler, gencin d\u00f6rt yan\u0131n\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, hepsi bir i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve Ali\u015f\u2019le konu\u015fuyorlard\u0131. Bir curcunad\u0131r kopuyordu. \u2018Hayde bre Ali\u015f! Dal\u0131\u015f\u0131n u\u011furlu olsun!\u2019 diyorlard\u0131 candan.. Art\u0131k mi\u011fferi ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ireceklerdi. Hava pompac\u0131lar\u0131, pompan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda alesta oldular. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131 mi\u011fferin marpucunu \u2013hava borusunu- mi\u011fferin arkas\u0131na takt\u0131lar. Art\u0131k Ali\u015f, mi\u011fferden ba\u015fka t\u00fcm skafandar giysisini giymi\u015fti.. \u0130skemlenin \u00fczerinde \u00f6yle bir kurulu\u015fu vard\u0131 ki&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Bir s\u00fcngercinin, s\u00fcnger avlamaya ilk dal\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00f6rensi giydirili\u015fini anlatan bu sat\u0131rlar; Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Cevat \u015eakir Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201c<em><strong>Deniz Gurbet\u00e7ileri<\/strong><\/em>\u201d kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nma.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"justify\"><strong>Bitki mi, Hayvan m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r insanlar taraf\u0131ndan avlanan s\u00fcngerler, milyonlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fazlaca bir geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermeden s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Antik \u00e7a\u011fdan bu yana insanlar taraf\u0131ndan, z\u0131rh ve mi\u011ffer astar\u0131, temizlik malzemesi, boya f\u0131r\u00e7as\u0131, s\u00fcs, bebek emzi\u011fi, tampon, t\u0131bbi malzeme, gibi ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan s\u00fcnger \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli hayvanlar\u0131n en ilkel gurubunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Latince ismi olan <\/span><em><strong><span lang=\"tr-TR\">porifera<\/span><\/strong><\/em><span lang=\"tr-TR\">; delik anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cporus\u201d ve ta\u015f\u0131mak anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cferre\u201d kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Parlak sar\u0131, turuncu, ye\u015fil, kahverengi, siyah, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve menek\u015fe renkleriyle deniz diplerinin nadide s\u00fcsleri olan bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n belirgin bir \u015fekilleri yoktur. Kadeh, top, boru, koni, \u00e7al\u0131 vb. \u015fekilleri ile muntazam olmayan k\u00fcmeler halinde yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zeminlerde sabit olarak ya\u015farlar. Hareket etmedikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden uzun s\u00fcre bitkisel organizma olarak kabul edilen ancak yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucu 1765 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayvan olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan s\u00fcngerlerin i\u00e7 organlar\u0131 yoktur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ok basit, kalkerli veya silisli kristal i\u011fneciklerden olu\u015fan bir iskelet sistemine sahiptirler. E\u015feyli ya da e\u015feysiz \u00fcreyebilen s\u00fcngerler besinlerini, v\u00fccut y\u00fczeylerindeki deliklerden ald\u0131klar\u0131 suyu s\u00fczerken geride kalan, mikroorganizmalardan sa\u011flarlar. Tatl\u0131 sularda ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrleri var ise de s\u00fcngerler \u00e7o\u011funlukla s\u0131cak denizlerde ya\u015farlar. Bilinen yakla\u015f\u0131k 5000 t\u00fcr\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri, 1-2 milimetreden 2-3 metreye kadar de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Teknolojik geli\u015fmeler sonucu yerine kullan\u0131labilecek pek \u00e7ok sentetik \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcnger halen ticari de\u011ferini korumaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle laboratuar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ve ila\u00e7 yap\u0131m\u0131nda s\u00fcnger ve s\u00fcngerlerde var olan kimyasal bile\u015fiklerden yararlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"tr-TR\">S\u00fcnger avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131; avc\u0131 kim, av hangisi?<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Atalar\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcngeri, belki de bir deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, fark edip, yararlar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131ktan sonra, ona ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. M.S. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i Oppianus\u2019un s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6zler, bize bu mesle\u011fin tarihi ile ilgili bilgi vermektedir.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><em>\u201c<span lang=\"tr-TR\">Hi\u00e7bir \u00e7ile s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131nkinden daha korkun\u00e7, hi\u00e7bir \u00e7aba onlar\u0131nkinden daha zor de\u011fildir\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Bu s\u00f6zler ayr\u0131ca, s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u2013\u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda- \u00e7ekti\u011fi zorluklar, pamuk ipli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinde, \u00e7\u0131plak olarak deniz diplerinden s\u00fcnger avlayan dalg\u0131\u00e7lar bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkisi alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs hastal\u0131klar\u0131na yakalanmaktayd\u0131lar. Teknolojinin ilerlemesi ile birlikte, \u00f6nceleri <\/span><em><strong><span lang=\"tr-TR\">forma ya da skafandar <\/span><\/strong><\/em><span lang=\"tr-TR\">denilen elbiselerle, deniz y\u00fczeyindeki tekneden verilen havayla dal\u0131\u015flar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Sualt\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve bunun insan v\u00fccuduna olan etkisinin yeterince bilinmiyor olmas\u0131 o y\u0131llarda bir \u00e7ok dalg\u0131c\u0131n vurgun yiyerek sakat kalmas\u0131na hatta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oluyordu. Zaman i\u00e7inde bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisi \u00f6\u011frenildi ve sorunsuz dal\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flayacak dal\u0131\u015f kurallar\u0131 ve tablolar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak, g\u00fcvenli dal\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6len ve halen vurgun izlerini v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan dalg\u0131\u00e7lar, bir zamanlar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcnger i\u00e7in yitirdi\u011fimiz de\u011ferler olarak kald\u0131 belle\u011fimizde.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Bodrum ve S\u00fcngercilik<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">\u015eimdilerde bir turizm merkezi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde olan Bodrum, \u00f6zellikle 1950 li y\u0131llardan sonra, tam bir s\u00fcnger ve s\u00fcngercilik merkeziydi. S\u00fcngercilik; t\u00fcccar ya da toptanc\u0131 (1-2 tane vard\u0131 koca Bodrumda), tekne sahibi ve teknede \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmekteydi. T\u00fcccarlar teknelerden toplad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcngerleri yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na, Yunanistan veya \u0130talya\u2019ya sat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Anlat\u0131lan hikayeler bu ki\u015filerin, s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00e7ileyi hi\u00e7e sayarak sadece kendi kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak davrand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. S\u00fcnger av\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kacak tekneler f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n dinmesi ve havalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben Nisan-May\u0131s aylar\u0131nda, gerekli aletler, kumanya ve s\u00fcngercilerle birlikte en az 5 ay s\u00fcrecek av sezonuna ba\u015flamak \u00fczere hareket ederlermi\u015f Bodrum Liman\u0131\u2019ndan. Bu sezon ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 hareketlili\u011finin yan\u0131nda h\u00fcz\u00fcn kokuyor olmal\u0131. Ne ava \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00fcngerciler ne de geride kalan sevgililer, kar\u0131lar, ana babalar ve \u00e7ocuklar bu ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n geriye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemezlerdi; \u201cgidip de d\u00f6nmemek var\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r basan bir vedala\u015fmayd\u0131. Uzun s\u00fcren k\u0131\u015f boyunca denizi ve deniz diplerini \u00f6zleyen s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha bir kolay olsa gerek, her ne kadar can pazar\u0131na do\u011fru bir yolculuk olsa da, bu ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6zlenene kavu\u015fma idi. <\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Bodrumlu eski Mancorna, s\u00fcnger avc\u0131s\u0131 Hasan Kayacan s\u00fcngercili\u011fe ba\u015flama nedeni olarak \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><em><span lang=\"tr-TR\">O zaman iyi para kazan\u0131rd\u0131 s\u00fcngerciler, \u00f6zellikle Yunanl\u0131larla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u00e7ok para kazan\u0131yordu. \u0130ki sezon \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p kendine bir ev yapabilirdi iyi bir s\u00fcnger avc\u0131s\u0131. Ben de para kazan\u0131p marangoz at\u00f6lyesi kurmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flad\u0131m bu i\u015fe , ailede ba\u015fka s\u00fcngerci yok. \u0130lk sene acemilik derken ikinci sene iyi kazand\u0131k, sonra i\u015fler yolunda gitmedi. Araya K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131 girdi, ard\u0131ndan ba\u015f\u0131ma bu tats\u0131z i\u015f geldi. (g\u00f6zleri yedi\u011fi vurgun nedeniyle bastonla gezmesine neden olan ayaklar\u0131na kay\u0131yor). Evimi yapt\u0131m ama marangoz at\u00f6lyesini kurmak k\u0131smet olmad\u0131 i\u015fte&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Turizm ile tan\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce Bodrum\u2019u Bodrum yapan, ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7lerden bir tanesi mandalina ise ikincisi de s\u00fcngerdir. Mandalina yurt i\u00e7i piyasada pazar bulurken, \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan s\u00fcngerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesi, \u00fclkeye d\u00f6viz girdisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemliydi o y\u0131llarda. 1970 li y\u0131llarda Bodrum\u2019da 50 den fazla s\u00fcngerci teknesi ve bir teknede 5-6 s\u00fcnger avc\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyordu. \u0130yi bir s\u00fcnger avc\u0131s\u0131 sezonda 200 kilo kadar s\u00fcnger kesermi\u015f. O y\u0131llarda s\u00fcngerin kilosu 200 TL den t\u00fcccara sat\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. S\u00fcnger avc\u0131s\u0131 tekne sahibiyle yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, iyi bir s\u00fcnger avc\u0131s\u0131 bir sezonda 20.000 TL para kazanabiliyor ve bu da evini yapmaya yeten bir miktar o y\u0131llar i\u00e7in.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Bodrum genelinde hesap yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise durum daha da ilgin\u00e7le\u015fiyor. Toplam 300 s\u00fcngerci ve bunlar\u0131 sezonda kestikleri s\u00fcnger miktar\u0131 da ortalama 100 kilo diyelim. Yani sezonda 30 ton s\u00fcnger. Bu s\u00fcngerin t\u00fcccara sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan rakam 6 milyon TL, bu arada t\u00fcccar\u0131n s\u00fcnger sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 bilinmiyor ama ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en az iki kat\u0131 olmal\u0131 ki t\u00fcccar olsun ad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta Bodrum ekonomisine yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 milyon TL (800.000 US Dolar) bir girdi ve tarih 70 li y\u0131llar. Canlarla, kaybedilen organlarla \u00f6denen bir katk\u0131 bu T\u00fcrk ekonomisine.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">S\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 bir di\u011fer katk\u0131 ise arkeolojik buluntular \u00fczerine. Bu konuda INA, Institute of Nautical Archaeology (Sualt\u0131 Arkeoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc) ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tufan Turanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6zlerine kulak verelim:<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><em><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Biz d\u00fcnyada \u00f6nemli 9 antik gemiyi deniz alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131k, 200 e yak\u0131nda bat\u0131k tespiti yapt\u0131k. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n on en \u00f6nemli arkeolojik olaylar\u0131ndan biri olan Uluburun Gemisi kaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131k. Biz buradaki ba\u015far\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcngercilere bor\u00e7luyuz. 70 li y\u0131llarda Nisan-May\u0131s aylar\u0131nda buralar d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn alay\u0131 gibi olurdu, s\u00fcngerci tekneleri haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapar kontrole gelirlerdi. Biz heyecanla 5-6 ay sonra d\u00f6necek s\u00fcngercileri beklerdik. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar s\u00fcnger avlarken rastlad\u0131klar\u0131 antik bat\u0131k kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde bize bildirirlerdi. Biz \u00fclkemizin bu zenginli\u011fini, Arkeoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bu cefakar s\u00fcngerci arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za bor\u00e7luyuz.<\/span><\/em><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">\u00dclkemizde s\u00fcngercili\u011fin ekonomik de\u011ferini yitirerek yok olmas\u0131 1986-87 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve t\u00fcm Akdeniz\u2019i etkisi alt\u0131na alan s\u00fcnger hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u015flar. Bodrumlu s\u00fcngercilerin 26 Nisan 1986 tarihinde olan \u00c7ernobil Facias\u0131 ile de ili\u015fkilendirdikleri bu salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k, neredeyse, Akdeniz\u2019deki t\u00fcm s\u00fcngerleri t\u00fcketmi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan turizm hareketlili\u011fi, Bodrumluyu, s\u00fcnger kesat\u0131 bitmi\u015f olsa da, bir daha s\u00fcngere d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmemi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7evremizdeki Yunan Adalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ekonomisine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 yapan s\u00fcnger ve s\u00fcngercilik \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in tamamen g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p, unutulan cefal\u0131 bir meslek olarak eski s\u00fcngercilerin a\u011fz\u0131ndan dinlenmektedir art\u0131k. De\u011fil yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na satmak, Bodrum ve di\u011fer turistik kentlerimizde sat\u0131lan hediyelik s\u00fcngerlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelmekte ya da ka\u00e7ak olarak avlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"justify\">\u00c7a\u011fa ayak uyduran bir s\u00fcngerci;<em><strong> Aksona Mehmet<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p align=\"justify\">S\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu, para kazanman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra deniz ve denizalt\u0131n\u0131n renkli, gizemli ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131na olan a\u015fklar\u0131 u\u011fruna bu mesle\u011fi yapan insanlar. Bilinen, biraz kaba da olsa, tabir ile; bir insan\u0131n k\u0131\u00e7\u0131na deniz suyu ka\u00e7maya g\u00f6rs\u00fcn. Bir daha kurtulu\u015fu yoktur.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">1970 li y\u0131llar\u0131n s\u00fcnger avc\u0131s\u0131, \u015fimdilerin mavi yol kaptan\u0131 Aksona Mehmet buna en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerden bir tanesi.<\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">1950 \u00c7iftlik-Bodrum do\u011fumlu Aksona Mehmet\u2019in kendisinden \u00f6nce s\u00fclalesinde deniz ile ilgisi olan kimse yok. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken deniz kenar\u0131nda oynarken, bal\u0131k tutarken yava\u015ftan i\u00e7ini kaplayan deniz a\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olup da kalbine sapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisinden dinleyelim:<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><em><span lang=\"tr-TR\">&#8230;..d<\/span><span lang=\"tr-TR\">eniz kenar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lam\u0131yorum. Kovalar var onun sap\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltir \u015fi\u015f yapar\u0131z bi tahta t\u00fcfek falan, \u015famrel lasti\u011fi buluruz, daha maske edinmemi\u015fim maskeyle bakm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m yok hi\u00e7 deniz dibine, deniz dibinin ne oldu\u011funu bilmiyorum, Yine bi g\u00fcn 13 ya\u015flar\u0131nda filan\u0131m Karaburun deriz Y\u0131ld\u0131z Adas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bizim Koca \u0130brahim var, bal\u0131k avlay\u0131p duruu. B\u00f6yle yem tak\u0131yo voltas\u0131na maskeyle bak\u0131yo iskarozun a\u011fz\u0131na uzat\u0131yo, yakal\u0131yo, y\u00fczerek. Ondan rica ettim, \u0130brahim amca bi bakay\u0131m dedim ben de. Y\u00fczmedim valla, buraya kadar dald\u0131m (g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stererek) bi akt\u0131m denizen dibine\u2026. \u0130\u015fte o zaman (burada s\u00f6ylediklerini yazarsam dergi toplat\u0131labilir) tam vuruldum denize o an. \u0130\u015fte denizin dibini merak etme, hep ba\u015fta \u00e7ekiyor kendine, onun dillen anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 felan zor.<\/span><\/em><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Aksona lakab\u0131n\u0131, 1981 senesinde al\u0131p ad\u0131n\u0131 \u201cAksona\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi 8.5 metrelik teknesine bor\u00e7lu, Mehmet Ba\u015f. Bodrumda s\u00fcnger kesat\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcngercilik yapan Aksona Mehmet, sonras\u0131nda Bodrum\u2019daki de\u011fi\u015fime ayak uydurarak mavi yolculuk yapmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bodrum\u2019un, iyiye mi k\u00f6t\u00fcye mi gitti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, de\u011fi\u015fen y\u00fcz\u00fcnde s\u00fcngercilik ve s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131 adeta bir mihenk ta\u015f\u0131. Aksona Mehmet\u2019in s\u00f6zleri ise \u00fczeride d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye de\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><em><span lang=\"tr-TR\">S\u00fcnger \u00f6nemli bi \u015fey. Biliyosun eskiden fakir Bodrum, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri. \u0130nsanlar t\u00fct\u00fcn tarlas\u0131na t\u00fct\u00fcn ekmeye, pamuk tarlas\u0131na y\u00f6vmiye, denizi seven gen\u00e7lerde s\u00fcngere giderlerdi, \u00f6yle para kazan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00fcngercilik bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr. Bodrumda tekne yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, denizcilik bu kadar geli\u015fmi\u015fse temelinde s\u00fcngercilik var. Hi\u00e7 kimse s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131na yeterince de\u011fer vermiyorlar. Fuarlara gidiyorlar, s\u00fcnger yok standlar\u0131nda. Bu \u00e7ark durmamas\u0131 gerekiyordu, usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkisine dayanan bu meslek. Hadi bakal\u0131m bodrum da bir kriz oldu turizm bitti hadi bakal\u0131m ne olacak, t\u00fct\u00fcn tarlas\u0131na m\u0131 gidecek, pamu\u011fa m\u0131 gidecek, s\u00fcngere mi gidecek.. babafingoya gider. B\u00f6yle bir i\u015fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unuttular. Bakla koptu. Ama ileride tarih bunlar\u0131 affetmeyecek k\u00f6t\u00fc yazacak \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc yazacak. Masa ba\u015f\u0131nda yasakl\u0131yorlar. Biz denize d\u00f6n\u00fck bir millet olsayd\u0131k b\u00f6yle mi olurdu. Bu g\u00fcn denizle u\u011fra\u015fan denize a\u00e7\u0131lan denizle beslenen denizi \u00e7ok iyi kullanan \u00fclkelerin geldi\u011fi durum g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde, Amerika\u2019y\u0131 yeniden mi ke\u015ffedelim. \u00d6n\u00fcme gelene s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum, kay\u0131tlarda kals\u0131n. \u0130lerde b\u00f6yle bi adam varm\u0131\u015f bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015f desinler. Ben do\u011fruyu mu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum, benim do\u011frum bu, aksini s\u00f6yleyip ispat eden beni ikna eden biri \u00e7\u0131kana kadarda bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyecem&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\"><strong>Aksona<\/strong> <\/span><\/p><p>T\u00fcp ya da nargile (deniz y\u00fczeyindeki tekneden, hortum arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hava verilmesi) ile yap\u0131lan dal\u0131\u015flarda, dal\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda dalg\u0131c\u0131n belirli metrelerde belirli bir s\u00fcre beklemesi gerekmektedir. Literat\u00fcrde dekompresyon denilen bu eyleme s\u00fcngerciler aksona demektedir.<\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Mancorna<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Derin suda(45 metre ve daha derin) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcnger avc\u0131lar\u0131na verilen isim. Mancornalar deneyimli dalg\u0131\u00e7lard\u0131r. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hava \u015fartlar\u0131nda emniyetli dal\u0131\u015f yaparlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda denizcilik gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerine g\u00f6n\u00fclden ba\u011fl\u0131, do\u011fal dengelere sayg\u0131l\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve yenilik\u00e7idirlerdir.<\/span><\/p><p lang=\"en-US\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span lang=\"tr-TR\">Dekompresyon Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8211; Vurgun<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p align=\"justify\">Derinlik ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, nitrojen ve oksijen kan ve dokularda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Oksijenin aksine nitrojen, dokularda metabolize olmadan birikmeye e\u011filimlidir. Dalg\u0131\u00e7 y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n tersi g\u00f6zlenir. Derinlik ve zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmadan h\u0131zla y\u00fckse\u011fe \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ysa, nitrojen h\u0131zla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmez, kan ve dokularda kabarc\u0131klar olu\u015fturur. Bu da dmar ve dokularda t\u0131kanmalara yol a\u00e7arak dekompresyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olur. Hastal\u0131k dal\u0131\u015f derinli\u011fine ve dal\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">Dekompresyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015f mekanizmas\u0131 doku ve toplardamarlardaki gaz kabarc\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011flanabilir. Bu kabarc\u0131klar birle\u015ferek, daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir ve semptomlar\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">Dokulardaki kabarc\u0131klar dekompresyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulgu ve semptomlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde, kandakilerden daha \u00f6nemli olabilirler.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">En fazla ve en belirgin olarak beyin, omurilik, solunum sistemi, i\u00e7 kulak ve eklemlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sadece ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131lar ile atlat\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi ciddi sakatl\u0131klara hatta bal\u0131kadam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bile neden olabilir. \u00d6nlemek i\u00e7in dal\u0131\u015f kurallar\u0131na uymak yeterlidir. Hastal\u0131k tedavisi ise \u00f6zel bas\u0131n\u00e7 odalar\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><p align=\"justify\"><em><strong>\u0130skele Meydan\u0131 Dergisi<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e1cdc5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e1cdc5e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a98c0a3\" data-id=\"a98c0a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb8c73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5eb8c73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"620\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/55ead9fff018fbb8f89acbca-e1635759123157-620x341.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1327\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/55ead9fff018fbb8f89acbca-e1635759123157-620x341.webp 620w, https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/55ead9fff018fbb8f89acbca-e1635759123157-150x82.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/55ead9fff018fbb8f89acbca-e1635759123157.webp 750w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Aksona Mehmet<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76c5c87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76c5c87\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e99c4\" data-id=\"f1e99c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8af224f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8af224f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c934a97\" data-id=\"c934a97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55f92b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"55f92b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8230; Ali\u015f\u2019i denize inen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iskelenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, g\u00fcvertenin \u00fczerindeki bir iskemleye oturttular. Skafandar giysisini bacaklar\u0131na ve kollar\u0131na ge\u00e7irdiler. Dalg\u0131\u00e7 giysisi bileklerini s\u0131k\u0131yordu, elleri a\u00e7\u0131ktayd\u0131. Maden g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de omuzlar\u0131na takt\u0131lar. Denizciler, gencin d\u00f6rt yan\u0131n\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, hepsi bir i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve Ali\u015f\u2019le konu\u015fuyorlard\u0131. Bir curcunad\u0131r kopuyordu. \u2018Hayde bre Ali\u015f! Dal\u0131\u015f\u0131n u\u011furlu olsun!\u2019 diyorlard\u0131 candan.. Art\u0131k mi\u011fferi ba\u015f\u0131na &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/sunger-ve-sungercilik\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;S\u00fcnger ve S\u00fcngercilik&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2075,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/426"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/426\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanergulsoken.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}